[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/co-jsou-to-vlastne-penize-jakym-prosli-vyvojem-a-jake-pozadavky-musi-splnovat\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/co-jsou-to-vlastne-penize-jakym-prosli-vyvojem-a-jake-pozadavky-musi-splnovat\/","headline":"Co jsou to vlastn\u011b pen\u00edze, jak\u00fdm pro\u0161li v\u00fdvojem a jak\u00e9 po\u017eadavky mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat?","name":"Co jsou to vlastn\u011b pen\u00edze, jak\u00fdm pro\u0161li v\u00fdvojem a jak\u00e9 po\u017eadavky mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat?","description":"Za\u010dneme trochou teorie. Pen\u00edze jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm druhem zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd lze vym\u011bnit za v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed druhy zbo\u017e\u00ed. Takov\u00e9mu zbo\u017e\u00ed se odborn\u011bji \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd ekvivalent. Pen\u00edze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u011bly v\u017edy takovou formu a podobu jako dnes. A ne v\u017edy se pou\u017e\u00edvaly. Posuneme-li se do historie, m\u00edsto pen\u011bz se vyu\u017e\u00edvala tak zvan\u00e1 natur\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bna neboli barter. To znamen\u00e1, […]","datePublished":"2020-01-13","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/89f417dfbb336d235b856435ef935ffa51c2f646edc1f5c4e6fccf32a9c88173?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/89f417dfbb336d235b856435ef935ffa51c2f646edc1f5c4e6fccf32a9c88173?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bezhlavi.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367712_w4423_t1580226480.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367712_w4423_t1580226480.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/co-jsou-to-vlastne-penize-jakym-prosli-vyvojem-a-jake-pozadavky-musi-splnovat\/","about":["Online"],"wordCount":476,"articleBody":"Za\u010dneme trochou teorie. Pen\u00edze jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm druhem zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00fd lze vym\u011bnit za v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed druhy zbo\u017e\u00ed. Takov\u00e9mu zbo\u017e\u00ed se odborn\u011bji \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd ekvivalent. Pen\u00edze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nem\u011bly v\u017edy takovou formu a podobu jako dnes. A ne v\u017edy se pou\u017e\u00edvaly.\tPosuneme-li se do historie, m\u00edsto pen\u011bz se vyu\u017e\u00edvala tak zvan\u00e1 natur\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bna neboli barter. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 m\u011bnili zbo\u017e\u00ed za zbo\u017e\u00ed. Tento postup v\u0161ak p\u0159est\u00e1val vyhovovat, a tak lid\u00e9 za\u010dali hledat ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd v\u0161eobecn\u00fd ekvivalent. T\u00edm se st\u00e1valo v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta r\u016fzn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. N\u011bkde se obchodovalo s\u00a0pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdmi kapesn\u00edky, n\u011bkde s\u00a0mu\u0161lemi a jinde se zase platilo dobytkem, obil\u00edm, \u010di kameny.\t\u010casem se ale uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159edkem sm\u011bny jsou drah\u00e9 kovy \u010dili st\u0159\u00edbro a zlato. Kovy se snadno d\u011blily, m\u011bli vysokou trvanlivost a dob\u0159e se uchov\u00e1valy. Postupn\u011b se za\u010daly tvarovat a zna\u010dit, vznikaly prvn\u00ed kovov\u00e9 mince, pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za plnohodnotn\u00e9 pen\u00edze. Drah\u00e9 kovy byly postupn\u011b nahrazov\u00e1ny slitky pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch kov\u016f a pap\u00edrov\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi, kter\u00e9 byly do ur\u010dit\u00e9 doby kryty zlatem. Dnes ji\u017e tomu tak nen\u00ed. Tak zvan\u00fd zlat\u00fd standard byl zru\u0161en a pen\u00edze jsou garantov\u00e1ny \u010destn\u00fdm slovem st\u00e1tu. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je v\u00edce forem pen\u011bz. Jsou to pen\u00edze hotovostn\u00ed, bezhotovostn\u00ed, cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, ale i pom\u011brn\u011b nov\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny-\tNa pen\u00edze jsou kladeny celkem \u010dty\u0159i n\u00e1roky. Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1rokem je, aby byly d\u011bliteln\u00e9. Krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 jednotky, tedy existuj\u00ed i zlomky a n\u00e1sobky. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad uvedeme euro, kter\u00e9 je rozd\u011blen\u00e9 d\u00e1le na centy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 existuj\u00ed bankovky s\u00a0jeho n\u00e1sobky.\t\tDal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1rokem, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed pen\u00edze plnit je snadn\u00e1 p\u0159enositelnost. Pen\u00edze mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno p\u0159en\u00e9st nejl\u00e9pe v\u00a0kapse, co\u017e p\u0159ed d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi lety nebylo tak jednoduch\u00e9, kdy\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159edstavovaly velk\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kameny. Dne\u0161n\u00ed mince, pap\u00edrov\u00e9 bankovky i karty tento po\u017eadavek v\u0161ak spl\u0148uj\u00ed.\tDal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednkou, kterou mus\u00ed pen\u00edze spl\u0148ovat je, aby byly obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b pad\u011blateln\u00e9. Proto maj\u00ed \u0159adu ochrann\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Posledn\u00ed podm\u00ednkou je jejich stabilita, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by m\u011bly m\u00edt st\u00e1lou kupn\u00ed s\u00edlu.\tDouf\u00e1me, \u017ee V\u00e1s zaujala cesta, kterou pen\u00edze pro\u0161ly a\u017e k\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed podob\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se brzy do\u010dk\u00e1me dal\u0161\u00edho velk\u00e9ho pokroku, a\u017e se od bezhotovostn\u00edch pen\u011bz posuneme zase o kousek d\u00e1l.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.3\/5 - (20 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Co jsou to vlastn\u011b pen\u00edze, jak\u00fdm pro\u0161li v\u00fdvojem a jak\u00e9 po\u017eadavky mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat?","item":"https:\/\/www.bezhlavi.cz\/co-jsou-to-vlastne-penize-jakym-prosli-vyvojem-a-jake-pozadavky-musi-splnovat\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]